International journal of crisis & safety

Purpose: This study conducted the exploration using the Colaizzi method, a phenomenological research method to identify the constituents of the experience of the SNB-program, one of Terahertz therapy, which is receiving much attention as a thermal treatment method recently. Method: The data collection method of the first study using the Colaizzi method consisted of literature review for theoretical extraction, narrative observation and interview. For the first analysis of the data, the Colaizzi 6-step analysis method, a phenomenological research method, was used to identify the participants' SNB-program experience and explore the constituent factors of the human body's natural healing experience. Second, a questionnaire was created based on the constituent factors of the participant's experience identified through in-depth interviews, and the principle component analysis of 123 questionnaires collected was conducted to verify the inner validity of the research results. Results: In the results of this study, the SNB-program experience was confirmed based on two categories such as positive experience and uncomfortable experience. In detail, eight types of uncomfortable experiences including eight physical changes, six emotional changes, five social education changes, and improvements were derived. In addition, to verify the validity and reliability of the extracted constituent factors, from the results of constructing preliminary items and conducting exploratory factor analysis, lastly, it was confirmed with two categories, five theme clusters, and 27 formulated meanings. Conclusion: In this study, the SNB-program participant's experience was verified in vivid language through the Colaizzi method, and the procedure was verified through social science analysis. The results of this study are meaningful in that the user's experience of thermotherapy using Terahertz waves has been generalized.

Purpose: The study induced obesity in 50-week-old white rats with high fat intake for eight weeks. Then for 12 weeks, we analyzed how resistance exercise with anaerobic properties and fermented soybean ingestion with a nutritional approach affect the potential mechanisms underlying body composition, metabolic risk factors, and inflammatory cytokine of aortic tissue. Method: The experimental animals were randomly assigned to four groups: Control(Con), Soybean(Soy), Resistance Expense(Re), and Soybean + Resistance Expense(Soy+Resistance). For the resistance exercise, the ladder climbing is applied, and the soy supplement made up 24% of the total calories of soy protein. After eight weeks of high-fat diets, obesity was induced and treated for 12 weeks. The appearance of inflammatory cytokine was analyzed for IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-4 in the aortic tissue. Results: In Soy and Soy+Re groups, the fat content decreased compared to those in Con and Re groups(Figure 2A), and body fat was higher in Soy and Soy+Re groups than in Con and Re groups. The appearance of IL-6 cytokine associated with infectious diseases showed significant differences in Soy, Re, and Soy+Re groups over Con groups(p <0.05). The appearance of other cytokine, such as TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10, showed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: As a result, the positive effects of fermented soybean ingestion on changes in inflammatory factors associated with vascular inflammation cannot be clearly identified in improving the function in the aortic tissue. Therefore, since it cannot be seen as a positive effect, it is necessary to choose the intake and type according to the purpose of the ingestion and to apply it compiling prior studies and literature regarding the form, frequency, intensity, and time settings of exercise.

Purpose: Modern society, according to the change of social demand due to the improvement of living standards, the rapid increase of aging population and healthy life extension comes to have a high interest in health promotion from the perspective of prevention as well as disease treatment. This study conducted a subjectivity study on the subjects of workers in the skin care industry who performed meridian massage on the field. Method: To analyze the perception, attitude, use, and satisfaction of the skin care industry workers about meridian massage, after the survey of 30 people sampled with P-sample was completed, the collected data were coded according to the location on the Q-sample distribution map. The input data was analyzed using the QUNAL-PC program, and for factor analysis, principle component factor analysis was used. And among the results calculated by inputting the number of factors variously based on the Eigen value of 1.0 or higher, three types judged to be the best were selected and examined with Z-score. Results: Three types were extracted from the results of analysis. Type I was categorized as subjectivity of high experienced people with more than 20 years of experience and a strong positive perception on the natural healing effect and health intervention function of meridian massage. Type II was categorized as subjectivity of low experienced people with less than 10 years of experience, and a subjective perception that was sensitive to the trends in the skin care industry. Type III was categorized as subjectivity of middle experienced workers with experience between more than 10 years and less than 20 years and a strong positive subjectivity for the pain relief effect of meridian massage. Conclusion: Therefore, this study is meaningful in that it explored the subjective meaning of the workers in the skin care industry for meridian massage, grasped the intrinsic reasons, and derived a general view of meridian massage.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the link between the demographic variables of multicultural families in the causes and outcomes of violence in multicultural families in Korea. Specifically, this study aims to verify whether the gender and age variables of multicultural families have statistically significant relationships with the causes and consequences of violence in multicultural families. Method: First, frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the survey sample using SPSS 23.0. Second, the Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. Third, t-test was conducted to identify the differences in each question by gender. Fourth, One Way ANOVA was conducted to identify the differences in each question by age. Fifth, Cross Tabulation(Chi-Square) was conducted to identify the connection differences in gender and age. Results: The level of response was derived differently depending on the gender and age of the couples of multicultural families in some cases of the causes and results of violence in multicultural families. The analysis results of this study suggest that the central and local governments need a customized strategy considering the gender and age of policy recipients in establishing and implementing policies to support multicultural families. Conclusion: Despite the practical contribution of this study, the following limitations exist, and they should be addressed in follow-up studies on multicultural families. First, the cause and result of violence in multicultural families used in the analysis of this study are not clear on the meaning classification for each of the questions. Second, since this study only validates the association among the variables, it can be pointed out that the limitations of the failure to verify the causal relationship between them.

Purpose: The outbreak of public health crisis of COVID-19 has caused the Chinese sports industry to suffer a "cold winter" and turned into stagnation from rapid development. Although China's sports industry has been gradually restored under the leadership of the government after the epidemic has been effectively controlled, the internal problems exposed by COVID-19 are still worth pondering. These problems will not only impede the further development of China's sports industry, but also make it difficult to cope with other public health emergency crisis. Method: This study researched the impacts of COVID-19 on Chinese sports industry through literature review and data collation, so as to reflect the existing problems in Chinese sports industry and put forward corresponding suggestions. Results: Through summarizing the current situation of impacts, it found COVID- 19 had negative impact on sports competition performance, sports fitness and leisure activities, sports tourism services and education and training industry of sports industry. It caused huge economic losses, even hinders the continue development of these industries. Through the specific analysis of the current situation, this paper believed that the huge losses on small and medium-sized sports enterprises was the reason caused such serious consequences. The reasons are as follows: (1)small and medium-sized sports enterprises lacked plans and capabilities to deal with public health emergency crisis due to their small sale and weak assets; (2)In order to control the spread of COVID-19, Chinese people have adopted a semi-closed life. The loss of physical consumers has a fatal shock to small and medium-sized sports enterprises with a single business model; (3)Small and medium-sized sports enterprises are unable to quickly and effectively resume normal operation after the epidemic situation is under control due to their insufficient recovery capacity. Conclusion: In order to solve the existing problems, the development suggestions about government dominantion, enterprises assist for small and medium-sized sports companies are proposed. The suggestions are as follows. (1)public health emergency crisis plan for small and medium-sized sports enterprises is established in China to ensure that small and medium-sized sports enterprises can make timely and effective response when public health emergency crisis happens. (2)diversified online business is conducted based on big data and the Internet by small and medium-sized sports enterprises under the premise of effective supervision, so as to solve the problem of single operation mode and poor pressure-resistant ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises. (3)epidemic sports industry insurance is carried out to create GDP and enhance the ability of small and medium-sized sports enterprises to resume normal operation.

Purpose: The methods of preventing and controlling pine wilt disease(PWD), currently used in Korea, include fumigation, incineration, and fragmentation of the infected tree, which shows exterior discoloration. However, there are potential infected trees that have a healthy appearance but is already running out of resin, which serves as a breeding ground for Monochamus alternatus, aka Japanese pine sawyer. Method: Therefore, in order to confirm the presence of potential infected trees in the affected area, the damage was divided into five grades, and potential infected trees were investigated through the process. Accordingly, the time sequential examination of the reduced pine resin and the coniferous discoloration in a total of 1,057 pine trees of kinds(Pines, Japanese black pines, Korean pines, Pinus rigida) was conducted to investigate the existence of the potential infected trees in the 2 district of extreme damage in this study and among them 176 trees(16.7%) were selected as the potential infected trees. Results: The results of this study showed that there were usually 4 to 5 percent of potential infected trees right after the removal of infected trees and that the percentage gradually increased over time. In addition, 26 diagnostic kits and 29 microscopic examination of 32 samples confirmed Bursaphelenchus xylophilusas in the target trees. Conclusion: Therefore, it is considered necessary to concentrate on checking the expansion of the pine wilt by preventing the attracted egg laying of the vectors by searching the potential infected trees through the relatively easy-to-perform extraction of pine resin from the healthy trees in external appearance around the damaged withered trees. The cross-checking of the results of the diagnosis kit and microscopic examination confirmed the presence of Monochamus alternatus in the potential infected trees with the 25 samples.

Purpose: The study was conducted on 30 6th grade(13 years old) students from S elementary school in D metropolitan city in Korea to verify the effects of ‘barefoot rhythm training’, which combines barefoot and rhythmic exercises, on the body composition and abdominal circumference of obese male elementary school students who have a body mass index of 26kg/m² or higher by performing rhythm training after equally dividing them into barefoot and shoe-wearing groups. Method: Exercise treatment composed of 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down exercises and 20 minutes of main exercise was given 4 times a week with targeted RPE of 9-10 for 1-4 weeks, 11-12 for 5-8 weeks, and 13-14 for 9-12 weeks. A corresponding sample t-test was performed to compare the changes before and after 12 weeks of exercise treatment. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that the body mass index, body fat mass, and body fat percentage of the variables of body composition were found to be decreased more in the barefoot group compared to the shoe-wearing group, while the skeletal muscle mass and lean mass were increased more in the barefoot group compared to the shoe-wearing group. Similarly, the abdominal circumference of barefoot group showed a greater reduction compared to the shoe-wearing group. Conclusion: In conclusion, since barefoot rhythm training has a higher exercise efficiency compared to the shoe-wearing rhythm training done in the same intensity and pattern, it has a greater positive effect on the body composition and abdominal circumference, which affect the obesity and metabolic diseases of elementary school students in health crisis.

Purpose: Currently, the silver industry is developing very much, and research on elderly aging food is needed for the elderly who are having a hard time digesting and chewing food. In order to develop HMR for the elderly, the results were derived through FGI(Focus Group Interview) to identify the purchase status of HMR for the elderly, to identify satisfaction and importance through IPA analysis, and to present the needs and development directions for the elderly food development. Method: A total of six consumers aged 60 or older were interviewed(December 28-30, 2019), and the content of the interview was that for elderly consumers with experience in purchasing HMR each interview took two to a half hours to record a maximum of two and a half hours. Results: There were six women in gender, and four under 65 age to 70 age. HMR was frequently purchased(once or three times a week) and purchased by four people, due to the convenience of purchase(simple), four large discount stores were purchased by HMR. Preferred food ingredients were found to prefer beef, spinach, cucumber, brown rice, fermented milk, apples and strawberries. The IPA results showed that the importance and satisfaction were high in taste, nutritional value, various menus, and convenience of food acquisition. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop various menus that suit the tastes of the elderly so that they can safely protect the elderly from health and lead their lives. In the next study, it is thought that the size of food that the elderly can chew with their teeth should also be studied to help them eat more comfortably. It is also thought that a detailed study on the level of chewing and swallowing food should be conducted depending on the condition of the teeth of the elderly.